In adults, the main symptoms of laryngeal papillomatosis are a hoarse voice. Breathing problems may occur, but they are more common in children. In infants, signs include weak crying, trouble swallowing, noisy breathing, and a chronic cough.
The causes of infection are still poorly understood. HPV type 6 or 11 sometimes causes genital warts. At birth, a woman can naturally infect a child, after which there is a high risk of developing laryngeal papillomatosis in an infant. It can be prevented by vaccines with suitable antigens. Regular vaccination of girls before adolescence is believed to prevent the development of genital HPV-6 or HPV-11 infections during pregnancy.
Treatment of laryngeal papillomatosis abroad includes surgical procedures and antiviral drugs. Recently, antiangiogenic therapy has shown promising results.
Examination before treatment of laryngeal papillomatosis abroad
Laryngeal papillomatosis can be diagnosed by imaging the lesions during an indirect laryngoscopy procedure (using a mirror or endoscope). A biopsy is taken to confirm the diagnosis.: for microscopic examination of a tissue sample and HPV testing.
Surgical treatment of laryngeal papillomatosis abroad
Treatment options for laryngeal papillomatosis abroad are aimed at removing and limiting the recurrence of papillomas. First of all, the patient is prescribed surgical removal of neoplasms. The main methods include:
- carbon dioxide laser surgery;
- cryosurgery (freezing of abnormal tissue);
- removal of papillomas with a shaver (a tool that sucks in tissue and then cuts it with a blade);
- tracheostomy (in case of large tumors, a special tube is installed to ensure free breathing).
Non-surgical treatment of laryngeal papillomatosis abroad
Together with surgery, the patient may be prescribed the following medications: interferon, antiviral medications (Cidofovir, Ribavirin, or Acyclovir). In some cases, photodynamic therapy is recommended. This method helps to destroy the tumor without scarring and risk to the surrounding healthy tissue. Before the procedure, the patient is injected with a special substance, a photosensitizer, which accumulates in the papilloma cells. Then, a beam of light of a certain wavelength is directed at the problem area, which activates the drug and triggers the destruction process.
Injection of the anti-angiogenesis drug Bevacizumab helps to delay or eliminate tumor recurrence. Experimental treatment of laryngeal papillomatosis abroad provides an opportunity to obtain new drugs that are currently available only in clinical trials.
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